Publications

A Systematic Review of Social Presence: Definition, Antecedents, and Implications

Oh, S.Y., Bailenson, J.N. & Welch, G.F. A Systematic Review of Social Presence: Definition, Antecedents, and Implications (2018), Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 5 (14), 1-34. doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2018.00114

Virtual reality perspective-taking increases cognitive empathy for specific others

van Loon, A., Bailenson, J.N., Zaki, J., Bostick, J. & Willer, R. (2018) Virtual reality perspective-taking increases cognitive empathy for specific others. PLoS ONE 13(8):e0202442. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202442

Bailenson, J.N. (2018). Experience on Demand: What Virtual Reality Is, How It Works, and What It Can Do. New York: W.W. Norton.

Can social presence be contagious? Effects of social presence priming on interaction with Virtual Humans

Daher, S, Kim, K., Lee, M., Bruder, G., Schubert, R., Bailenson J.N., & Welch, G.F. (2017) Can social presence be contagious? Effects of social presence priming on interaction with Virtual Humans IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI) (201-202).

Let the Avatar Brighten Your Smile: Effects of Enhancing Facial Expressions in Virtual Environments

Oh SY, Bailenson J, Krämer N, Li B (2016) Let the Avatar Brighten Your Smile: Effects of Enhancing Facial Expressions in Virtual Environments. PLoS ONE 11(9): e0161794. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161794

The Wobbly Table: Increasing Social Presence via Physical-Virtual Object-Mediated Interaction

Lee, M., Kim, K., Daher, S., Raij, A., Bailenson, J., & Welch, G. (2016). The Wobbly Table: Increased Social Presence via Subtle Incidental Movement of a Real-Virtual Table. In Virtual Reality (VR), 2016 IEEE (pp. 11-17). IEEE.

Exploring social presence transfer in real-virtual human interaction

Daher, S, Kim, K., Lee, M., Raij, A., Schubert, R., Bailenson J.N., & Welch, G.F. (2016) Exploring social presence transfer in real-virtual human interaction Virtual Reality (VR) 2016 IEEE (165-166).

Avatar Psychology

Scarborough, J.K. & Bailenson, J.N. (2014). Avatar Psychology. In Mark Grimshaw (Hg.) The Oxford Handbook of Virtuality, 129-144.

Virtual imposters:
Responses to avatars that do not look like their controllers

Segovia, K. Y., & Bailenson, J.N. (2012). Virtual imposters: Responses to avatars that do not look like their controllers. Social Influence.

Virtual Reality and Social Networks Will Be a Powerful Combination: Avatars will make social networks seductive

Bailenson, J.N., & Blascovich, J. (2011). Virtual Reality and Social Networks Will Be a Powerful Combination: Avatars will make social networks seductive. IEEE Spectrum.

Infinite Reality – Avatars, Eternal Life, New Worlds, and the Dawn of the Virtual Revolution

Blascovich, J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2011). Infinite Reality - Avatars, Eternal Life, New Worlds, and the Dawn of the Virtual Revolution. New York: William Morrow.

Intimate heartbeats: Opportunities for affective communication technology

Janssen, J.H., Bailenson J.N., IJsselsteijn, W.A., & Westerink, J.H.D.M. (2010). Intimate heartbeats: Opportunities for affective communication technology. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 1 (2), 72-80.

Virtual Reality: A survival guide for the social scientist

Fox, J., Arena, D., & Bailenson, J.N. (2009). Virtual Reality: A survival guide for the social scientist. Journal of Media Psychology, 21 (3), 95-113.

Leveraging collaborative virtual environment technology for inter-population research on persuasion in a classroom setting

McCall, C., Bailenson, J.N., Blascovich, J., & Beall, A. C. (2009). Leveraging collaborative virtual environment technology for inter-population research on persuasion in a classroom setting. PRESENCE: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 18 (5), 361-369.

Virtual virgins and vamps: The effects of exposure to female characters’ sexualized appearance and gaze in an immersive virtual environment

Fox, J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2009). Virtual virgins and vamps: The effects of exposure to female characters' sexualized appearance and gaze in an immersive virtual environment. Sex Roles, 61 (3-4), 147-157.

The Proteus Effect:
Implications of transformed digital self-representation on online and offline behavior

Yee, N., Bailenson, J.N., & Ducheneaut, N. (2009). The Proteus Effect: Implications of transformed digital self-representation on online and offline behavior. Communication Research, 36 (2), 285-312.

The use of immersive virtual reality in the learning sciences:
Digital transformations of teachers, students, and social context

Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Blascovich, J., Beall, A.C., Lundblad, N., & Jin, M. (2008). The use of immersive virtual reality in the learning sciences: Digital transformations of teachers, students, and social context. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 17 (1), 102-141.

Real-time classification of evoked emotions using facial feature tracking and physiological responses

Bailenson, J.N., Pontikakis, E.D., Mauss, I.B., Gross, J.J., Jabon, M.E., Hutcherson, C.A., Nass, C., & John, O. (2008). Real-time classification of evoked emotions using facial feature tracking and physiological responses. International Journal of Human Machine Studies, 66, 303-317.

Virtual interpersonal touch:
Haptic interaction and copresence in collaborative virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N. & Yee, N. (2008). Virtual interpersonal touch: Haptic interaction and copresence in collaborative virtual environments. International Journal of Multimedia Tools and Applications, 37(1), 5-14.

Psychophysics of perceiving eye and head direction with peripheral vision: Implications for the dynamics of eye gaze behavior

Loomis, J.M., Kelly, J.W., Pusch, M., Bailenson, J.N., & Beall, A.C. (2008). Psychophysics of perceiving eye and head direction with peripheral vision: Implications for the dynamics of eye gaze behavior. Perception, 37, 1443-1457.

Detecting digital chameleons

Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Patel, K., & Beall, A.C. (2008). Detecting digital chameleons. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 66-87.

Transformed social interaction in mediated interpersonal communication

Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Blascovich, J., & Guadagno, R.E. (2008). Transformed social interaction in mediated interpersonal communication. In Konijn, E., Tanis, M., Utz, S. & Linden, A. (Eds.), Mediated Interpersonal Communication (pp. 77-99). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Virtual humans and persuasion:
The effects of agency and behavioral realism

Guadagno, R.E., Blascovich, J., Bailenson, J.N., McCall, C. (2007). Virtual humans and persuasion: The effects of agency and behavioral realism. Media Psychology, 10, 1-22.

Virtual interpersonal touch and digital chameleons

Bailenson, J.N., & Yee, N. (2007). Virtual interpersonal touch and digital chameleons. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 31, 225-242.

Virtual interpersonal touch:
Expressing and recognizing emotions through haptic devices

Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Brave, S., Merget, D., & Koslow, D. (2007). Virtual interpersonal touch: Expressing and recognizing emotions through haptic devices. Human-Computer Interaction, 22 (3), 325-353.

The mere belief of social interaction improves learning

Okita, S.Y., Bailenson, J., Schwartz, D. L. (2007). The mere belief of social interaction improves learning, In Proceedings of the Twenty-ninth Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. August, Nashville, USA.

The Proteus Effect: Self transformations in virtual reality

Yee, N. & Bailenson, J.N. (2007). The Proteus Effect: Self transformations in virtual reality. Human Communication Research, 33 (3), 271-290.

The unbearable likeness of being digital;
The persistence of nonverbal social norms in online virtual environments

Yee, N., Bailenson, J.N., Urbanek, M., Chang, F., & Merget, D. (2007). The unbearable likeness of being digital; The persistence of nonverbal social norms in online virtual environments. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 10, 115-121.

A longitudinal study of task performance, head movements, subjective report, simulator sickness, and transformed social interaction in collaborative virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N., & Yee, N. (2006). A longitudinal study of task performance, head movements, subjective report, simulator sickness, and transformed social interaction in collaborative virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 15(6).

Perceiving visual emotions with speech

Deng, Z., Bailenson, J.N., Lewis J.P., & Neumann, U. (2006). Perceiving visual emotions with speech. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. California , USA . 21-23 August.

The effect of behavioral realism and form realism of real-time avatar faces on verbal disclosure, nonverbal disclosure, emotion recognition, and copresence in dyadic interaction

Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Merget, D., & Schroeder, R. (2006). The effect of behavioral realism and form realism of real-time avatar faces on verbal disclosure, nonverbal disclosure, emotion recognition, and copresence in dyadic interaction. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 15, 359-372.

Transformed social interaction: Exploring the digital plasticity of avatars

Bailenson, J.N. & Beall, A.C. (2006). Transformed social interaction: Exploring the digital plasticity of avatars. In Schroeder, R. & Axelsson, A.'s (Eds.), Avatars at Work and Play: Collaboration and Interaction in Shared Virtual Environments, Springer-Verlag, 1-16.

Transformed social interaction in collaborative virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N. (2006). Transformed social interaction in collaborative virtual environments. In Messaris, P. and Humphreys, L. (Ed.) Digital Media: Transformations in Human Communication. 255-264. New York: Peter Lang.

Digital Chameleons:
Automatic assimilation of nonverbal gestures in immersive virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N. & Yee, N. (2005). Digital Chameleons: Automatic assimilation of nonverbal gestures in immersive virtual environments. Psychological Science, 16, 814-819.

Transformed social interaction, augmented gaze, and social influence in immersive virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N., Beall., A.C., Blascovich, J., Loomis, J., & Turk, M. (2005). Transformed social interaction, augmented gaze, and social influence in immersive virtual environments. Human Communication Research, 31, 511-537.

The independent and interactive effects of embodied agent appearance and behavior on self-report, cognitive, and behavioral markers of copresence in immersive virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N., Swinth, K. R., Hoyt, C. L., Persky, S., Dimov, A., and Blascovich, J. (2005). The independent and interactive effects of embodied agent appearance and behavior on self-report, cognitive, and behavioral markers of copresence in immersive virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 14, 379-393.

Comparing behavioral and self-report measures of embodied agents’ social presence in immersive virtual environments.

Bailenson, J.N., Aharoni, E. Beall, A.C., Guadagno, R.E., Dimov, A., & Blascovich, J. (2004). Comparing behavioral and self-report measures of embodied agents' social presence in immersive virtual environments. Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Workshop on PRESENCE ( Valencia , Spain ).

Multimodal transformed social interaction

Turk, M., Bailenson, J.N., Beall, A.C., Blascovich, J., Guadagno, R. (2004). Multimodal transformed social interaction. Proceedings of the ACM Sixth International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI), October 14 - 15, State College, PA, USA.

Transformed social interaction:
Decoupling representation from behavior and form in collaborative virtual environment

Bailenson, J.N., Beall, A.C., Loomis, J., Blascovich, J., & Turk, M. (2004). Transformed social interaction: Decoupling representation from behavior and form in collaborative virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 13 (4), 428-441.

Examining virtual busts:
Are photogrammetrically-generated head models effective for person identification?

Bailenson, J.N., Beall, A.C., Blascovich, J., & Rex, C. (2004). Examining virtual busts: Are photogrammetrically-generated head models effective for person identification? PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 13(4), 416-427.

Using virtual heads for person identification:
An empirical study comparing photographs to photogrammetrically-generated models

Bailenson, J.N., Beall, A.C., & Blascovich, J. (2003). Using virtual heads for person identification: An empirical study comparing photographs to photogrammetrically-generated models. Journal of Forensic Identification, 53 (6), 722-728.

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