Bailenson J.N.

The Role of Virtual Reality in Autonomous Vehicles’ Safety

Nascimento, A.M., Queiroz, A.C.M., Vismari, L.F., Bailenson, J.N., Cugnasca, P.S, Camargo, J.B., & de Almeida, J.R. (2019) The Role of Virtual Reality in Autonomous Vehicles’ Safety, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR), doi 10.1109/AIVR.2019.00017

Virtual Reality-Delivered Mirror Visual Feedback and Exposure Therapy for FND: A Midpoint Report of a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study

Bullock, K., Won, A.S., Bailenson, J.N., Friedman, R. (2019) Virtual Reality-Delivered Mirror Visual Feedback and Exposure Therapy for FND: A Midpoint Report of a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19030071.

Markowitz, D.M., Hancock, J.T., Bailenson, J.N., & Reeves, B. (2019). Psychological and physiological effects of applying self-control to the mobile phone. PLOS ONE, 14(11), e0224464. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224464

Walking Your Virtual Dog: Analysis of Awareness and Proxemics with Simulated Support Animals in Augmented Reality

Norouzi, N., Kim, K., Lee, M., Schubert, R., Erickson A., Bailenson, J.N., Bruder, G., & Welch, G. (2019) Walking Your Virtual Dog: Analysis of Awareness and Proxemics with Simulated Support Animals in Augmented Reality. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), pp. 253-264.

Jun, H., Bailenson, J.N., Fuchs, H., & Wetzstein, G. (in press). An Easy-to-use Pipeline for an RGBD Camera and an AR Headset. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments.

Sonalkar, N., Mabogunje, A., Miller, M.R., Bailenson, J.N., & Leifer, L. (in press) Augmenting Learning of Design Teamwork Using Immersive Virtual Reality. In: Meinel C., Leifer L. (eds) Design Thinking Research. Understanding Innovation. Springer, Cham, pp 67-76, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28960-7_5

Key considerations for incorporating conversational AI in psychotherapy

Miner A.S., Shah N., Bullock K., Arnow B., Bailenson J.N., Hancock J. (2019). Key considerations for incorporating conversational AI in psychotherapy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00746.

Stereotype Threat in Virtual Learning Environments: Effects of Avatar Gender and Sexist Behavior on Women’s Math Learning Outcomes

Chang, F., Luo, M., Walton, G. M., Aguilar, L., & Bailenson, J. N. (2019). Stereotype threat in virtual learning environments: Effects of avatar gender and sexist behavior on women’s math learning outcomes. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking.

Effect of Behavioral Realism on Social Interactions Inside Collaborative Virtual Environments

Herrera, F., Oh, S.Y., & Bailenson, J. N. (in press). Effect of Behavioral Realism on Social Interactions Inside Collaborative Virtual Environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments.

Virtual Reality’s Effect on Children’s Inhibitory Control, Social Compliance, and Sharing

Bailey, J.O., Bailenson, J.N., Obradovic, J., & Aguiar, N.(in press). Virtual Reality’s Effect on Children’s Inhibitory Control, Social Compliance, and Sharing. The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.

The Effects of Immersion and Real-World Distractions on Virtual Social Interactions

Oh, C., Herrera, F., & Bailenson, J.N. (2019) The Effects of Immersion and Real-World Distractions on Virtual Social Interactions, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22 (6), 365-372. doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2018.00114

Social interaction in augmented reality

Miller M.R., Jun H., Herrera F., Yu Villa J., Welch G., & Bailenson, J.N. (2019) Social interaction in augmented reality. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0216290. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216290

Virtual Reality and Communication

Markowitz, D., & Bailenson, J.N. (2019). Virtual Reality and Communication. Oxford Handbook of Virtuality.

Close Relationships and Virtual Reality

Huang S.A. & Bailenson J.N. (2019) Close Relationships and Virtual Reality. In: Parsons T., Lin L., Cockerham D. (eds) Mind, Brain and Technology. Educational Communications and Technology: Issues and Innovations. Springer, Cham. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02631-8_4

Immersive Virtual Reality Field Trips Facilitate Learning About Climate Change

Markowitz, D.M., Laha, R., Perone, B.P., Pea, R.D. & Bailenson J.N. (2018). Immersive Virtual Reality Field Trips Facilitate Learning About Climate Change. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02364

Building long-term empathy: A large-scale comparison of traditional and virtual reality perspective-taking

Herrera, F., Bailenson, J.N., Weisz, E., Ogle, E. & Zaki J. (2018) Building long-term empathy: A large-scale comparison of traditional and virtual reality perspective-taking. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0204494. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204494

A Systematic Review of Social Presence: Definition, Antecedents, and Implications

Oh, S.Y., Bailenson, J.N. & Welch, G.F. A Systematic Review of Social Presence: Definition, Antecedents, and Implications (2018), Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 5 (14), 1-34. doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2018.00114

Does a Digital Assistant Need a Body? The Influence of Visual Embodiment and Social Behavior on the Perception of Intelligent Virtual Agents in AR

Kim, K., Boelling, L., Haesler, S., Bailenson, J.N., Bruder, G. & Welch, G.F. (in press). Does a Digital Assistant Need a Body? The Influence of Visual Embodiment and Social Behavior on the Perception of Intelligent Virtual Agents in AR. Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2018), Munich, Germany, October 16–20, 2018.

Virtual reality perspective-taking increases cognitive empathy for specific others

van Loon, A., Bailenson, J.N., Zaki, J., Bostick, J. & Willer, R. (2018) Virtual reality perspective-taking increases cognitive empathy for specific others. PLoS ONE 13(8):e0202442. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202442

Becoming homeless: a human experience

Asher, T., Ogle, E., Bailenson, J.N., & Herrera, F. (2018). Becoming homeless: a human experience. ACM SIGGRAPH 2018 Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3226552.3226576

1000 cut journey

Cogburn, C.D., Bailenson, J.N., Ogle, E., Asher, T. & Nichols, T. (2018). 1000 cut journey. ACM SIGGRAPH 2018 Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3226552.3226575

Protecting Nonverbal Data Tracked in Virtual Reality

Bailenson, J.N. (2018) Protecting Nonverbal Data Tracked in Virtual Reality. JAMA Pediatr. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1909

Mechanistic self-regulation targets in integrated behavior therapy for obese and depressed adults: RAINBOW-ENGAGE study

Ma, J., Rosas, L.G., Snowden, M., Wandell, B., Bailenson, J.N., Greenleaf, W., Dagum, P., Lavori, P.W., Suppes, T., Lewis, M.A., Smyth, J.M. & Williams, L.M. (2017). Mechanistic self-regulation targets in integrated behavior therapy for obese and depressed adults: RAINBOW-ENGAGE study, Annals of behavioral medicine, 51 (Suppl 1)

Exploring the influence of haptic and olfactory cues of a virtual donut on satiation and eating behavior

Li., B. & Bailenson, J.N. (2018) Exploring the influence of haptic and olfactory cues of a virtual donut on satiation and eating behavior. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 26(3), 337-354.

Bailenson, J.N. (2018). Experience on Demand: What Virtual Reality Is, How It Works, and What It Can Do. New York: W.W. Norton.

A Public Database of Immersive VR Videos with Corresponding Ratings of Arousal, Valence, and Correlations between Head Movements and Self Report Measures

Li, B.J., Bailenson, J.N., Pines, A. Greenleaf, W.J. & Williams, L.M. (2017). A Public Database of Immersive VR Videos with Corresponding Ratings of Arousal, Valence, and Correlations between Head Movements and Self Report Measures. Frontiers in Psychology, 8 (2116), doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02116.

The Media Marshmallow Test: Psychological and Physiological Effects of Applying Self-Control to the Mobile Phone

Markowitz, D.M., Hancock, J.T., Bailenson, J.N. & Reeves, B. (2017) The Media Marshmallow Test: Psychological and Physiological Effects of Applying Self-Control to the Mobile Phone, SSRN.

The ENGAGE study: Integrating neuroimaging, virtual reality and smartphone sensing to understand self-regulation for managing depression and obesity in a precision medicine model

Williams, L.M., Pines, A., Goldstein-Piekarski, A.N., Rosas, L.G., Kullar, M., Sacchet, M.D., Gevaert, O., Bailenson, J.N., Lavori, P.W., Dagum, P., Wandell, B., Correa, C., Greenleaf, W., Suppes, T., Perry, L.M., Smyth, J.M., Lewis, M.A., Venditti, E.M., Snowden, M., Simmons, J.M., Ma, J. (2017). The ENGAGE study: Integrating neuroimaging, virtual reality and smartphone sensing to understand self-regulation for managing depression and obesity in a precision medicine model, Behaviour Research and Therapy, doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.09.012

Effects of Social Priming on Social Presence with Intelligent Virtual Agents

Daher, S., Kim, K., Lee, M., Schubert, R. Bruder, G., Bailenson, J.N. & Welch, G.F. (2017) Effects of Social Priming on Social Presence with Intelligent Virtual Agents. In: Beskow J., Peters C., Castellano G., O'Sullivan C., Leite I., Kopp S. (eds) Intelligent Virtual Agents (87-100). IVA 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10498. Springer

Immersive Virtual Reality and the Developing Child

Bailey, J.O., & Bailenson, J.N. (2017). Immersive virtual reality and the developing child. In P. Brooks and F. Blumberg (Eds.), Cognitive Development in Digital Contexts (pp. 181-200). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.

A Large-Scale Study of Surrogate Physicality and Gesturing on Human-Surrogate Interactions in a Public Space

Kim, K., Nagedndran, A., Bailenson, J.N., Raij, A., Bruder, G., Lee, M., Schubert, R., Xin, Y., & Welch, G. F. (2017). A Large-Scale Study of Surrogate Physicality and Gesturing on Human-Surrogate Interactions in a Public Space. Frontiers in Robotics and AI. 4:32. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2017.00032

Virtual Reality and Prosocial Behavior

Shriram, K., Oh, S.Y. & Bailenson, J.N. Virtual reality and prosocial behavior (2017), in Burgoon, J.K., Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Pantic, M. & Vinciarelli, A. (Eds.), Social Signal Processing, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2017), pp. 304-316

Immersive Virtual Reality for Pediatric Pain

Won, A., Bailey, J.O., Bailenson, J.N., Tataru, C., Yoon, I., & Golianu, B. (2017). Immersive Virtual Reality for Pediatric Pain. Children, 4 (52), doi:10.3390/children4070052

Immersive virtual reality influences children’s inhibitory control and social behavior

Bailey, J.O., & Bailenson, J.N., Obradović, J., & Aguiar, N.R. (2017). Immersive virtual reality influences children’s inhibitory control and social behavior. Paper presentation at the International Communication’s 67th Annual Conference, San Diego, CA.

Can social presence be contagious? Effects of social presence priming on interaction with Virtual Humans

Daher, S, Kim, K., Lee, M., Bruder, G., Schubert, R., Bailenson J.N., & Welch, G.F. (2017) Can social presence be contagious? Effects of social presence priming on interaction with Virtual Humans IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI) (201-202).

The effects of virtual human’s spatial and behavioral coherence with physical objects on social presence in AR

Kim, K., Maloney, D., Bruder, G., Bailenson, J.N., & Welch, G.F. (2017). The effects of virtual human's spatial and behavioral coherence with physical objects on social presence in AR Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds. 2017;28:e1771.

Virtual and Augmented Reality

Oh, S.Y. & Bailenson, J.N. (2017) Virtual and Augmented Reality. The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1-16.

Considering virtual reality in children’s lives

Bailey J.0. & Bailenson J.N. (2017) Considering virtual reality in children’s lives, Journal of Children and Media, 11:1, 107-113, DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2016.1268779

Evaluating Control Schemes for the Third Arm of an Avatar

Laha, B., Bailenson, J.N., Won, A.S. & Bailey, J. (2016). Evaluating Control Schemes for the Third Arm of an Avatar. PRESENCE: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 25(2), 129-147.

Imagining but not confronting one’s future self may improve views of old age

Raposo, S., Sims, T., Bailenson, J.N. & Carstensen, L. (2016) Imagining but not confronting one’s future self may improve views of old age, The Gerontologist 56 (Suppl3) doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw162.2550

When Does Virtual Embodiment Change our Minds?

Bailey, J.O., Bailenson, J.N., & Casasanto, D. (2016). When does virtual embodiment change our minds? Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments. 25(2), 222-233.

Let the Avatar Brighten Your Smile: Effects of Enhancing Facial Expressions in Virtual Environments

Oh SY, Bailenson J, Krämer N, Li B (2016) Let the Avatar Brighten Your Smile: Effects of Enhancing Facial Expressions in Virtual Environments. PLoS ONE 11(9): e0161794. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161794

Experiencing nature: Embodying animals in immersive virtual environments increases inclusion of nature in self and involvement with nature

Ahn, S. J., Bostick, J., Ogle, E., Nowak, K., McGillicuddy, K., & Bailenson, J. N. (2016). Experiencing nature: Embodying animals in immersive virtual environments increases inclusion of nature in self and involvement with nature. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication.

Identifying Anxiety Through Tracked Head Movements in a Virtual Classroom

Won A. S., Perone B., Friend M. , Bailenson J. N. (2016). Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 19(6): 380-387.

Prospective representation of navigational goals in the human hippocampus

T. I. Brown, V. A. Carr, K. F. LaRocque, S. E. Favila, A. M. Gordon, B. Bowles, J. N. Bailenson, A. D. Wagner (2016). Prospective representation of navigational goals in the human hippocampus. Science, 352 (6291): 1323 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf0784

The Wobbly Table: Increasing Social Presence via Physical-Virtual Object-Mediated Interaction

Lee, M., Kim, K., Daher, S., Raij, A., Bailenson, J., & Welch, G. (2016). The Wobbly Table: Increased Social Presence via Subtle Incidental Movement of a Real-Virtual Table. In Virtual Reality (VR), 2016 IEEE (pp. 11-17). IEEE.

Exploring social presence transfer in real-virtual human interaction

Daher, S, Kim, K., Lee, M., Raij, A., Schubert, R., Bailenson J.N., & Welch, G.F. (2016) Exploring social presence transfer in real-virtual human interaction Virtual Reality (VR) 2016 IEEE (165-166).

Virtually old: Embodied perspective taking and the reduction of ageism under threat

Oh, S. Y., Bailenson, J., Weisz, E., & Zaki, J. (2016). Virtually old: Embodied perspective taking and the reduction of ageism under threat. Computers in Human Behavior. 60, 398-410.

Immersion at Scale: Researcher’s Guide to Ecologically Valid Mobile Experiments

Oh, S. Y., Shriram, K., Laha, B., Baughman, S., Ogle, E., Bailenson, J. (2016). Immersion at Scale: Researcher’s Guide to Ecologically Valid Mobile Experiments. Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality (VR).

Social robots and virtual agents as lecturers for video instruction

Li, B., Kizilcec, R.F., Bailenson, J.N., & Ju, W. (2016). Social robots and virtual agents as lecturers for video instruction. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 1222-1230, doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.005.

How immersive is enough? A meta-analysis of the effect of immersive technology on user presence

Cummings, J.J., Bailenson, J.N. (2016). How immersive is enough? A meta-analysis of the effect of immersive technology on user presence. Media Psychology. 19:2, 272-309, doi:10.1080/15213269.2015.1015740

Appearance and Task Success in Novel Avatars

Won, A.S., Bailenson, J.N., Lanier, J. (2015) Appearance and Task Success in Novel Avatars. PRESENCE, Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, (24) 4.

Connecting to Your Future Self: Enhancing Financial Planning among Diverse Communities Using Virtual Technology

Sims, T., Bailenson, J., & Carstensen, L.L. (2015). Connecting to Your Future Self: Enhancing Financial Planning among Diverse Communities Using Virtual Technology. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, Orlando, FL.

Many Ways to Walk a Mile in Another’s Moccasins: Type of Social Perspective Taking and its effect on Negotiation Outcomes

Gehlbach, H., Marietta, G., King, A., Karutz, C., Bailenson, J.N. & Dede, C. (2015). Many Ways to Walk a Mile in Another’s Moccasins: Type of Social Perspective Taking and its effect on Negotiation Outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 523-532.

Developing a novel measure of body satisfaction using virtual reality

Purvis, C.K., Jones, M., Bailey, J.O., Bailenson, J., Taylor, C.B. (2015). Developing a novel measure of body satisfaction using virtual reality. PLoS ONE, 10(10):e0140158.

Two Virtual Reality Pilot Studies for the Treatment of Pediatric CRPS

Won, A.S., Tataru, C. A., Cojocaru, C.A., Krane, E.J., Bailenson, J.N., Niswonger, S., Golianu, B. (2015). Two Virtual Reality Pilot Studies for the Treatment of Pediatric CRPS. Pain Medicine. 00-00.

Avatars versus agents: A meta-analysis quantifying the effect of agency

Fox, J., Ahn, S.J., Janssen, J., Yeykelis, L., Segovia, K., & Bailenson, J. N. (2015). Avatars versus agents: A meta-analysis quantifying the effect of agency. Human-Computer Interaction, 30 (5), 401-432.

The Instructor’s Face in Video Instruction: Evidence from Two Large-Scale Field Studies

Kizilcec, R.F., Bailenson, J.N., & Gomez, C.J. (2015). The Instructor’s Face in Video Instruction: Evidence from Two Large-Scale Field Studies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107 (3), 724-739.

The impact of vivid and personal messages on reducing energy consumption related to hot water use

Bailey, J.O., Bailenson, J.N., Flora, J., Armel, K.C., Voelker, D., & Reeves, B. (2015). The impact of vivid and personal messages on reducing energy consumption related to hot water use. Environment and Behavior, 47 (5), 570-592.

Homuncular Flexibility: The Human Ability to Inhabit Nonhuman Avatars

Won, A. S., Bailenson, J. N. and Lanier, J. (2015) Homuncular Flexibility: The Human Ability to Inhabit Nonhuman Avatars. Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: An Interdisciplinary, Searchable, and Linkable Resource. 1–16.

Homuncular Flexibility in Virtual Reality

Won, A.S., Bailenson, J.N., Lee, J.D., Lanier, J. (2015). Homuncular Flexibility in Virtual Reality. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20, 241-259.

Expectancy Violations Related to a Virtual Human’s Joint Gaze Behavior in Real-Virtual Human Interactions

Kim, K., Nagendran, A., Bailenson, J.N., & Welch, G.F. (2015). Expectancy Violations Related to a Virtual Human’s Joint Gaze Behavior in Real-Virtual Human Interactions 28th Annual Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents.

Immersive virtual environments and the classrooms of tomorrow

Karutz, C. & Bailenson, J.N. (2015). Immersive virtual environments and the classrooms of tomorrow. in Sundar S.S. (Eds.), The Handbook of the Psychology of Communication Technology (291-310). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The Relationship between Virtual Self Similarity and Social Anxiety

Aymerich-Franch, L., Kizilcec, R.F., & Bailenson, J.N. (2014). The Relationship between Virtual Self Similarity and Social Anxiety. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8 (944).

Short- and long-term effects of embodied experiences in immersive virtual environments on environmental locus of control and behavior

Ahn, S.J., Bailenson, J.N., & Park, D. (2014). Short- and long-term effects of embodied experiences in immersive virtual environments on environmental locus of control and behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 235-245.

Automatically Detected Nonverbal Behavior Predicts Creativity in Collaborating Dyads

Won, A.S., Bailenson, J.N., Stathatos, S.C., Dai, W. (2014). Automatically Detected Nonverbal Behavior Predicts Creativity in Collaborating Dyads, Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 38 (3), 389-408.

Automatic Detection of Nonverbal Behavior Predicts Learning in Dyadic Interactions

Won, A. S., Bailenson, J. N., & Janssen, J. H. (2014). Automatic detection of nonverbal behavior predicts learning in dyadic interactions. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 5 (2), 112-125.

Self-endorsed advertisements: When the self persuades the self

Ahn, S.J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2014). Self-endorsed advertisements: When the self persuades the self. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 22 (2), 135-136. doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679220203

The use of doppelgangers in virtual reality to treat public speaking anxiety: a gender comparison

Aymerich-Franch, L. & Bailenson, J.N. (2014). The use of doppelgangers in virtual reality to treat public speaking anxiety: a gender comparison. Proceedings of the International Society for Presence Research Annual Conference. March, 17-19, Vienna, Austria.

Does the mask govern the mind?: Effects of arbitrary gender representation on quantitative task performance in avatar-represented virtual groups

Lee, J.E., Nass, C.I., & Bailenson, J.N. (2014). Does the mask govern the mind? : Effects of arbitrary gender representation on quantitative task performance in avatar-represented virtual groups. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, & Social Networking, 17 (4), 248-254.

A framework for interactivity and presence in novel bodies

Won, A.S., Haans, A., IJsselsteijn, W.A., & Bailenson J.N., (2014). A framework for interactivity and presence in novel bodies. Interacting with Presence: HCI and the Sense of Presence in Computer-mediated Environments, 57-69.

Social Attention in a Virtual Public Speaking Task in Higher Functioning Children with Autism

Jarrold, W., Mundy, P., Gwaltney, M., Bailenson, J.N., Hatt, N., McInyre, N., Kim, K., Solomon, M., Novotny, S., Swain, L. (2013). Social Attention in a Virtual Public Speaking Task in Higher Functioning Children with Autism. Autism Research, 6 (5), 393-410.

Post-error expression of speed and force while performing a simple, monotonous task with a haptic pen

Alonso, M.B., Keyson, D.V., Jabon, M.E., Hummels, C.C.M., Hekkert, P.P.M. & Bailenson, J.N. (2013). Post-error expression of speed and force while performing a simple, monotonous task with a haptic pen. Behaviour & Information Technology, 32 (8), 778-782.

Designing virtual environments to measure behavioral correlates of state-level body satisfaction

Purvis, C.K., Jones, M. Bailey, J., Bailenson, J.N., Taylor, C.B. (2013). Designing virtual environments to measure behavioral correlates of state-level body satisfaction. Studies in Health Technology and Information, 191, 168–172.

The embodiment of sexualized virtual selves: The Proteus effect and experiences of self-objectification via avatars

Fox, J., Bailenson, J.N., & Tricase, L. (2013). The embodiment of sexualized virtual selves: The Proteus effect and experiences of self-objectification via avatars. Computers in Human Behavior., 29, 930-938.

The effect of embodied experiences on self-other merging, attitude, and helping behavior

Ahn, S.J., Le, A.M.T., & Bailenson, J.N. (2013). The effect of embodied experiences on self-other merging, attitude, and helping behavior. Media Psychology, 16 (1), 7-38.

Virtual Superheroes: Using Superpowers in Virtual Reality to Encourage Prosocial Behavior

Rosenberg, R.S., Baughman, S.L., Bailenson, J.N. (2013). Virtual Superheroes: Using Superpowers in Virtual Reality to Encourage Prosocial Behavior. PLOS One., 8 (1), 1-9.

Effects of Facial and Voice Similarity on Presence in a Public Speaking Virtual Environment

Aymerich-Franch, L., Karutz, C., & Bailenson, J.N. (2012). Effects of Facial and Voice Similarity on Presence in a Public Speaking Virtual Environment. Proceedings of the International Society for Presence Research Annual Conference. October 24–26, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Tracking Gestures to Detect Gender

Won, A.S., Yu, L., Janssen, J.H., & Bailenson, J.N. (2012). Tracking Gestures to Detect Gender. Proceedings of the International Society for Presence Research Annual Conference. October 24 – 26, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

How immersive is enough? A foundation for a meta-analysis of the effect of immersive technology on measured presence.

Cummings, J.J., Bailenson, J.N., & Fidler, M.J. (2012). How immersive is enough? A foundation for a meta-analysis of the effect of immersive technology on measured presence. Proceedings of the International Society for Presence Research Annual Conference. October 24-26, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Presence and memory: Immersive virtual reality effects on cued recall

Bailey, J., Bailenson, J.N., Won, A.S., Flora, J., & Armel, K.C (2012). Presence and memory: Immersive virtual reality effects on cued recall. Proceedings of the International Society for Presence Research Annual Conference. October 24-26, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Virtual imposters: Responses to avatars that do not look like their controllers

Segovia, K. Y., & Bailenson, J.N. (2012). Virtual imposters: Responses to avatars that do not look like their controllers. Social Influence, 7(4), 285-303, DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2012.670906.

Physiological Responses to Virtual Selves and Virtual Others

Fox, J., Bailenson J.N., & Ricciardi, T. (2012). Physiological Responses to Virtual Selves and Virtual Others. Journal of CyberTherapy & Rehabilitation, 5 (1), 69-72.

Avatars

Ahn, S.J., Fox, J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2012). Avatars. In Bainbridge, W. S. (Ed.), Leadership in Science and Technology: A Reference Handbook. SAGE Publications.

Doppelgangers: A New Form of Self

Bailenson, J.N. (2012). Doppelgangers: A New Form of Self. The Psychologist, 25 (1), 36-39.

Virtual human identification line-ups

Segovia, K.Y., Bailenson, J.N. & Leonetti, C. (2012). Virtual human identification line-ups. In Wilkinson, C. & Rynn, C. (Eds.), Craniofacial Identification, Cambridge University Press, 101-114.

Increasing saving behavior through age-progressed renderings of the future self

Hershfield, H.E., Goldstein, D.G., Sharpe, W.F., Fox, J., Yeykelis, L., Carstensen, L.L., & Bailenson, J.N. (2011). Increasing saving behavior through age-progressed renderings of the future self. Journal of Marketing Research, 48, S23-S37.

Self-endorsing versus other-endorsing in virtual environments: The effect on brand attitude and purchase intention

Ahn, S.J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2011). Self-endorsing versus other-endorsing in virtual environments: The effect on brand attitude and purchase intention. Journal of Advertising, 40 (2), 93-106.

Virtual Reality and Social Networks Will Be a Powerful Combination: Avatars will make social networks seductive

Bailenson, J.N., & Blascovich, J. (2011). Virtual Reality and Social Networks Will Be a Powerful Combination: Avatars will make social networks seductive. IEEE Spectrum.

Automatically Analyzing Facial-Feature Movements to Identify Human Errors

Jabon, M.E., Ahn, S.J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2011). Automatically Analyzing Facial-Feature Movements to Identify Human Errors. IEEE Journal of Intelligent Systems, 26 (2), 54-63.

Infinite Reality – Avatars, Eternal Life, New Worlds, and the Dawn of the Virtual Revolution

Blascovich, J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2011). Infinite Reality - Avatars, Eternal Life, New Worlds, and the Dawn of the Virtual Revolution. New York: William Morrow.

Facial Expression Analysis for Predicting Unsafe Driving Behavior

Jabon, M.E., Bailenson J.N., Pontikakis, E.D., Takayama, L., & Nass, C. (2011). Facial Expression Analysis for Predicting Unsafe Driving Behavior. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 10 (4), 84-95.

The Expression of Personality in Virtual Worlds

Yee, N., Harris, H., Jabon, M., Bailenson, J.N. (2011). The Expression of Personality in Virtual Worlds. Social Psychology and Personality Science, 2 (1), 5-12.

Intimate heartbeats: Opportunities for affective communication technology

Janssen, J.H., Bailenson J.N., IJsselsteijn, W.A., & Westerink, J.H.D.M. (2010). Intimate heartbeats: Opportunities for affective communication technology. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 1 (2), 72-80.

Using Automated Facial Expression Analysis for Emotion and Behavior Prediction

Ahn, S.J., Bailenson, J.N., Fox. J, & Jabon, M.E. (2010). Using Automated Facial Expression Analysis for Emotion and Behavior Prediction. in Doeveling, K., von Scheve, C., & Konjin, E. A. (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions and Mass Media (349-369). London/New York: Routledge.

High-Tech view:
The use of immersive virtual environments in jury trials

Leonetti, C., & Bailenson, J.N. (2010). High-Tech view: The use of immersive virtual environments in jury trials. 93 (3) Marquette Law Review, 1073.

The use of doppelgängers to promote health behavior change

Fox, J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2010). The use of doppelgängers to promote health behavior change. CyberTherapy & Rehabilitation, 3 (2), 16-17.

Effects of facial similarity on user responses to embodied agents

Van Vugt, H., Bailenson, J.N., Konijn, E., & Hoorn, J. (2010). Effects of facial similarity on user responses to embodied agents. ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction, 17 (2), 7:1-27.

Virtual doppelgangers:
Psychological effects of avatars who ignore their owners

Bailenson, J.N. & Segovia, K.Y. (2010). Virtual doppelgangers: Psychological effects of avatars who ignore their owners. In W. S. Bainbridge (Ed.), Online worlds: Convergence of the real and the virtual (175-186). Springer: New York.

The evolution of social behavior over time in Second Life

Harris, H., Bailenson, J.N., Nielsen A. & Yee, N. (2009). The evolution of social behavior over time in Second Life. PRESENCE: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 18 (6), 294-303.

Virtual Reality: A survival guide for the social scientist

Fox, J., Arena, D., & Bailenson, J.N. (2009). Virtual Reality: A survival guide for the social scientist. Journal of Media Psychology, 21 (3), 95-113.

Leveraging collaborative virtual environment technology for inter-population research on persuasion in a classroom setting

McCall, C., Bailenson, J.N., Blascovich, J., & Beall, A. C. (2009). Leveraging collaborative virtual environment technology for inter-population research on persuasion in a classroom setting. PRESENCE: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 18 (5), 361-369.

Virtually true: Children’s acquisition of false memories in virtual reality

Segovia, K.Y. & Bailenson, J.N. (2009). Virtually true: Children's acquisition of false memories in virtual reality. Media Psychology, 12, 371-393.

Virtual experiences, physical behaviors:
The effect of presence on imitation of an eating avatar

Fox, J., Bailenson, J.N., & Binney, J. (2009). Virtual experiences, physical behaviors: The effect of presence on imitation of an eating avatar. PRESENCE: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 18(4), 294-303.

Virtual virgins and vamps: The effects of exposure to female characters’ sexualized appearance and gaze in an immersive virtual environment

Fox, J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2009). Virtual virgins and vamps: The effects of exposure to female characters' sexualized appearance and gaze in an immersive virtual environment. Sex Roles, 61 (3-4), 147-157.

The influence of racial embodiment on racial bias in immersive virtual environments

Groom, V., Bailenson, J.N., & Nass, C. (2009). The influence of racial embodiment on racial bias in immersive virtual environments. Social Influence, 4(1), 1-18.

Morality in tele-immersive environments

Segovia, K.Y., Bailenson, J.N., Monin, B. (2009). Morality in tele-immersive environments. Proceedings of the International Conference on Immersive Telecommunications (IMMERSCOM), May 27 - 29, Berkeley, CA, USA.

The difference between being and seeing: The relative contribution of self perception and priming to behavioral changes via digital self-representation

Yee, N. & Bailenson, J.N. (2009). The difference between being and seeing: The relative contribution of self perception and priming to behavioral changes via digital self-representation. Media Psychology, 12(2), 195-209.

Virtual self-modeling:
The effects of vicarious reinforcement and identification on exercise behaviors

Fox, J., & Bailenson, J.N. (2009). Virtual self-modeling: The effects of vicarious reinforcement and identification on exercise behaviors. Media Psychology, 12, 1-25.

The Proteus Effect:
Implications of transformed digital self-representation on online and offline behavior

Yee, N., Bailenson, J.N., & Ducheneaut, N. (2009). The Proteus Effect: Implications of transformed digital self-representation on online and offline behavior. Communication Research, 36 (2), 285-312.

A method for longitudinal behavioral data collection in Second Life

Yee, N., Bailenson, J.N. (2008). A method for longitudinal behavioral data collection in Second Life, PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments. 17(6), 594-596.

Facial similarity between voters and candidates causes influence

Bailenson, J.N., Iyengar, S., Yee, N., & Collins, N. (2008). Facial similarity between voters and candidates causes influence. Public Opinion Quarterly, 72 (5), 935-961.

Self representations in immersive virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N., Blascovich, J., & Guadagno, R.E. (2008). Self representations in immersive virtual environments. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38, 11, pp. 2673-2690.

The Effect of interactivity on learning physical actions in virtual reality

Bailenson, J.N., Patel, K., Nielsen, A., Bajcsy, R., Jung, S., & Kurillo, G. (2008). The Effect of interactivity on learning physical actions in virtual reality. Media Psychology, 11, 354–376.

The effects of witness viewpoint distance, angle, and choice on eyewitness accuracy in police lineups conducted in immersive virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N., Davies, A., Beall. A.C., Blascovich, J., Guadagno, R.E., & McCall, C. (2008). The effects of witness viewpoint distance, angle, and choice on eyewitness accuracy in police lineups conducted in immersive virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 17(3), 242-255.

Facial expressions as predictors of online buying intention

Ahn, S.J., Jabon, M.E., & Bailenson, J.N. (2008). Facial expressions as predictors of online buying intention. Proceedings of the 58th Annual International Communication Association Conference. May 22-26, Montreal, Canada.

Feeling more connected to your future self: Using immersive virtual reality to increase retirement saving

Ersner-Hershfield, H., Bailenson, J.N., & Carstensen, L.L. (2008). Feeling more connected to your future self: Using immersive virtual reality to increase retirement saving. Poster presented at the Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention, Chicago, IL.

The use of immersive virtual reality in the learning sciences:
Digital transformations of teachers, students, and social context

Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Blascovich, J., Beall, A.C., Lundblad, N., & Jin, M. (2008). The use of immersive virtual reality in the learning sciences: Digital transformations of teachers, students, and social context. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 17 (1), 102-141.

Real-time classification of evoked emotions using facial feature tracking and physiological responses

Bailenson, J.N., Pontikakis, E.D., Mauss, I.B., Gross, J.J., Jabon, M.E., Hutcherson, C.A., Nass, C., & John, O. (2008). Real-time classification of evoked emotions using facial feature tracking and physiological responses. International Journal of Human Machine Studies, 66, 303-317.

Virtual interpersonal touch:
Haptic interaction and copresence in collaborative virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N. & Yee, N. (2008). Virtual interpersonal touch: Haptic interaction and copresence in collaborative virtual environments. International Journal of Multimedia Tools and Applications, 37(1), 5-14.

Psychophysics of perceiving eye and head direction with peripheral vision: Implications for the dynamics of eye gaze behavior

Loomis, J.M., Kelly, J.W., Pusch, M., Bailenson, J.N., & Beall, A.C. (2008). Psychophysics of perceiving eye and head direction with peripheral vision: Implications for the dynamics of eye gaze behavior. Perception, 37, 1443-1457.

Detecting digital chameleons

Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Patel, K., & Beall, A.C. (2008). Detecting digital chameleons. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 66-87.

Transformed social interaction in mediated interpersonal communication

Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Blascovich, J., & Guadagno, R.E. (2008). Transformed social interaction in mediated interpersonal communication. In Konijn, E., Tanis, M., Utz, S. & Linden, A. (Eds.), Mediated Interpersonal Communication (pp. 77-99). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Virtual humans and persuasion:
The effects of agency and behavioral realism

Guadagno, R.E., Blascovich, J., Bailenson, J.N., McCall, C. (2007). Virtual humans and persuasion: The effects of agency and behavioral realism. Media Psychology, 10, 1-22.

Virtual interpersonal touch and digital chameleons

Bailenson, J.N., & Yee, N. (2007). Virtual interpersonal touch and digital chameleons. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 31, 225-242.

Virtual interpersonal touch:
Expressing and recognizing emotions through haptic devices

Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Brave, S., Merget, D., & Koslow, D. (2007). Virtual interpersonal touch: Expressing and recognizing emotions through haptic devices. Human-Computer Interaction, 22 (3), 325-353.

The mere belief of social interaction improves learning

Okita, S.Y., Bailenson, J., Schwartz, D. L. (2007). The mere belief of social interaction improves learning, In Proceedings of the Twenty-ninth Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. August, Nashville, USA.

The Proteus Effect: Self transformations in virtual reality

Yee, N. & Bailenson, J.N. (2007). The Proteus Effect: Self transformations in virtual reality. Human Communication Research, 33 (3), 271-290.

A meta-analysis of the impact of the inclusion and realism of human-like faces on user experiences in interfaces

Yee, N., Bailenson, J.N., Rickertsen, K. (2007). A meta-analysis of the impact of the inclusion and realism of human-like faces on user experiences in interfaces. Nominated for Best Paper Award in Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Human Interaction (CHI). April 28 - May 3, California, USA.

The unbearable likeness of being digital;
The persistence of nonverbal social norms in online virtual environments

Yee, N., Bailenson, J.N., Urbanek, M., Chang, F., & Merget, D. (2007). The unbearable likeness of being digital; The persistence of nonverbal social norms in online virtual environments. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 10, 115-121.

Sciencepunk:
The influence of informed science fiction on virtual reality research

Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Kim, A., & Tecarro, J. (2007). Sciencepunk: The influence of informed science fiction on virtual reality research. In, Margret Grebowicz, ed. SciFi in the Mind's Eye: Reading Science Through Science Fiction (pp. 147-164). Open Court Publishing.

A longitudinal study of task performance, head movements, subjective report, simulator sickness, and transformed social interaction in collaborative virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N., & Yee, N. (2006). A longitudinal study of task performance, head movements, subjective report, simulator sickness, and transformed social interaction in collaborative virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 15(6).

The effects of fully immersive virtual reality on the learning of physical tasks

Patel, K., Bailenson, J.N., Hack-Jung, S., Diankov, R., & Bajcsy , R. (2006). The effects of fully immersive virtual reality on the learning of physical tasks. Proceedings of PRESENCE 2006: The 9th Annual International Workshop on Presence. August 24 – 26, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Walk a mile in digital shoes:
The impact of embodied perspective-taking on the reduction of negative stereotyping in immersive virtual environments

Yee, N., & Bailenson, J.N. (2006). Walk a mile in digital shoes: The impact of embodied perspective-taking on the reduction of negative stereotyping in immersive virtual environments. Proceedings of PRESENCE 2006: The 9th Annual International Workshop on Presence. August 24 - 26, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Perceiving visual emotions with speech

Deng, Z., Bailenson, J.N., Lewis J.P., & Neumann, U. (2006). Perceiving visual emotions with speech. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. California , USA . 21-23 August.

The effect of behavioral realism and form realism of real-time avatar faces on verbal disclosure, nonverbal disclosure, emotion recognition, and copresence in dyadic interaction

Bailenson, J.N., Yee, N., Merget, D., & Schroeder, R. (2006). The effect of behavioral realism and form realism of real-time avatar faces on verbal disclosure, nonverbal disclosure, emotion recognition, and copresence in dyadic interaction. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 15, 359-372.

Transformed facial similarity as a political cue: A preliminary investigation

Bailenson, J.N., Garland , P., Iyengar, S., & Yee, N. (2006). Transformed facial similarity as a political cue: A preliminary investigation. Political Psychology, 27 (3), 373-386.

Courtroom applications of virtual environments, immersive virtual environments, and collaborative virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N., Blascovich, J., Beall, A.C., & Noveck, B. (2006). Courtroom applications of virtual environments, immersive virtual environments, and collaborative virtual environments. Law and Policy, 28(2), 249-270.

Transformed social interaction: Exploring the digital plasticity of avatars

Bailenson, J.N. & Beall, A.C. (2006). Transformed social interaction: Exploring the digital plasticity of avatars. In Schroeder, R. & Axelsson, A.'s (Eds.), Avatars at Work and Play: Collaboration and Interaction in Shared Virtual Environments, Springer-Verlag, 1-16.

Transformed social interaction in collaborative virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N. (2006). Transformed social interaction in collaborative virtual environments. In Messaris, P. and Humphreys, L. (Ed.) Digital Media: Transformations in Human Communication. 255-264. New York: Peter Lang.

Immersive Virtual Environments and Education Simulations

Blascovich, J., & Bailenson, J. (2005). Immersive Virtual Environments and Education Simulations. In Cohen, Portney, Rehberger, Thorsen (Eds.) Virtual Decisions: Digital Simulations for Teaching Reasoning in the Social Sciences and Humanities. Mahwah , New Jersey: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Inc.

Digital Chameleons:
Automatic assimilation of nonverbal gestures in immersive virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N. & Yee, N. (2005). Digital Chameleons: Automatic assimilation of nonverbal gestures in immersive virtual environments. Psychological Science, 16, 814-819.

Transformed social interaction, augmented gaze, and social influence in immersive virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N., Beall., A.C., Blascovich, J., Loomis, J., & Turk, M. (2005). Transformed social interaction, augmented gaze, and social influence in immersive virtual environments. Human Communication Research, 31, 511-537.

The independent and interactive effects of embodied agent appearance and behavior on self-report, cognitive, and behavioral markers of copresence in immersive virtual environments

Bailenson, J.N., Swinth, K. R., Hoyt, C. L., Persky, S., Dimov, A., and Blascovich, J. (2005). The independent and interactive effects of embodied agent appearance and behavior on self-report, cognitive, and behavioral markers of copresence in immersive virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 14, 379-393.

Avatars

Bailenson, J.N., & Blascovich, J. (2004) Avatars. Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, Berkshire Publishing Group, 64-68.

Comparing behavioral and self-report measures of embodied agents’ social presence in immersive virtual environments.

Bailenson, J.N., Aharoni, E. Beall, A.C., Guadagno, R.E., Dimov, A., & Blascovich, J. (2004). Comparing behavioral and self-report measures of embodied agents' social presence in immersive virtual environments. Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Workshop on PRESENCE ( Valencia , Spain ).

Multimodal transformed social interaction

Turk, M., Bailenson, J.N., Beall, A.C., Blascovich, J., Guadagno, R. (2004). Multimodal transformed social interaction. Proceedings of the ACM Sixth International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI), October 14 - 15, State College, PA, USA.

Transformed social interaction:
Decoupling representation from behavior and form in collaborative virtual environment

Bailenson, J.N., Beall, A.C., Loomis, J., Blascovich, J., & Turk, M. (2004). Transformed social interaction: Decoupling representation from behavior and form in collaborative virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 13 (4), 428-441.

Examining virtual busts:
Are photogrammetrically-generated head models effective for person identification?

Bailenson, J.N., Beall, A.C., Blascovich, J., & Rex, C. (2004). Examining virtual busts: Are photogrammetrically-generated head models effective for person identification? PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 13(4), 416-427.

Using virtual heads for person identification:
An empirical study comparing photographs to photogrammetrically-generated models

Bailenson, J.N., Beall, A.C., & Blascovich, J. (2003). Using virtual heads for person identification: An empirical study comparing photographs to photogrammetrically-generated models. Journal of Forensic Identification, 53 (6), 722-728.