VHIL Presence Scale

New Presence Scale (2022)

Please rate the extent to which you felt the following (5-point; 1-Not at all, 2-Slightly, 3-Moderately, 4-Very, 5-Extremely)

Social Presence

  1. It felt like the other people in the room were with me.
  2. It felt like I was face-to-face with others.
  3. It felt like the other people were aware of my presence.

Self Presence

  1. I felt that my avatar represented me.
  2. When something happened to my avatar, I felt like it was happening to me.
  3. I felt like I was able to control my avatar as though it were my own.

Spatial Presence

  1. It felt as if I was inside the virtual world.
  2. It felt as if I was visiting another place.
  3. It felt like I could reach out and touch the objects in the virtual environment.

Legacy Presence Scale

Note: We are no longer using this scale for our own studies. 

Social Presence

How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements about your partner?

  1. I felt like I was face-to-face with my partner.
  2. I felt like I was in the same room as my partner.
  3. I felt like my partner was watching me.
  4. I felt like my partner was aware of my presence.
  5. I felt like my partner was present.

Bailenson, J.N., Blascovich, J., Beall, A.C., & Loomis, J.M. (2001). Equilibrium theory revisited: Mutual gaze and personal space in virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 10. 583-598.

Self-Presence

How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements about your avatar?

  1. I felt like my avatar’s body was my own body.
  2. I felt like I was my avatar’s body.
  3. I felt like my avatar was an extension of me.
  4. I felt like my avatar was me.
  5. When something happened to my avatar, I felt like it was happening to me.

Ahn, S.J. (2011). Embodied Experiences in Immersive Virtual Environments: Effects on Pro-Environmental Attitude and Behavior. (Doctoral dissertation). Stanford University

Environmental Presence

Likert scale from 1-5 (not at all – slightly – moderately – very – extremely)

  1. To what extent did you feel like you were inside the virtual world?
  2. To what extent did you feel immersed in the virtual world?
  3. To what extent did you feel surrounded by the virtual world you saw and heard?
  4. How much did it feel as if you visited another place?
  5. How much is the virtual world like the real world?

Bailenson, J.N., & Yee, N. (2006). A longitudinal study of task performance, head movements, subjective report, simulator sickness, and transformed social interaction in collaborative virtual environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 15(6).